*Continuation of Chapter 3 (the Greeks)*

On Friday, Mr. Schick wrapped up the notes of Ancient Greece. Here are some of the notes that he explained in class, and that I may use to study for tests.

CITIZENS AND COMMUNITIES: The Greek City States

Hoplites ^

• Notion of Citizenship could depend on the geography of the City-State
• Hoplites were men that were in a square-like formation and had long spears, bronze helmets and armor, round shields, and short swords.
• Each City-Stare had their own customs, government, money, etc.

• There were many types of government in Ancient Greece over the years. Usually the most successful city-states were the ones that had a democratic government in place.

1. Monarchy is when communities are ruled by Kings or all-powerful person.
2. Democracy was when all of the male citizens had a say in the government decisions.
3. Oligarchy was when a small part of the community made the choices for the people, and the majority of the community had little say in the laws of the community.
4. Tyranny was when one person takes charge over the other, or takes over the government. This does not necessarily mean that he/she is a dictator. (Just seized power.)  

Sparta: The military ideal

They were decedents of Greece who settled around Laconia (The southern mainland).

Sparta had a strong practice of Oligarchy, with a group of elders who made the decisions of the land by 500 BC. This decision of government was made because the helots would frequently rebel against their owners and the state. All make Spartans were required to join the military. Woman had lots of free rights due to the men being in the military. Spartans protected this way of life by defending their state the best they could.

Athens: Freedom and power

Communities on the Attica Peninsula formed together to create the city-state of Athens c.800 BC.  By overseas trade, Athens became the wealthiest and one of the most powerful city-state over the next 300 years. Their exports were wine and oil, along with weapons, pottery, and bits of silver, lead, and marble. 

Their imports were medal, timber, and grain. 

With the rising wealth and economy came social and political conflicts.

• Often between aristocrats (the wealthy) and the demos (the common people).
• These conflicts allowed for changes of government (monarchy, oligarchy and tyranny).
• Eventually, all males had rights in the community, with the aristocrats being the leaders.

Persian War

• Persian King Darius wanted to expand his territory into mainland Greece. c.494 BC
• Persians lost Battle of Marathon 490 BC
• Athenian Navy beat the Persians at Salamis.
• Peace was made with Persia in 445 B.C.
• Athens entered a "Golden Age"

Council of 500 and about 1000 public officials were chosen publicly. 

10 Military officers and 10 generals were chosen each year.

End of Chapter 3