**Study Guide for Chapter 4**

Worksheet / Study Guide for

CLASSICAL GREECE

and

The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization

Want to do well on the next test?  Here’s where to start:  Know what’s on this sheet.  Post the answers on your blog.  Find the answers by checking your text, doing independent research, taking good notes while watching the video, or referring to the website that accompanies the video: http://www.pbs.org/empires/thegreeks .

IMPORTANT DATES:  In a sentence or two, describe what important or historical event took place on the following dates:

1600 – 1100 BC: The Mycenean Civilization

1150 – 750 BC: The Dark Ages

776 BC: Olympic games were formed

750 – 700 BC: Homer wrote the Oddessy and Iliae

621 BC: Draco reformed the tax code

508 BC: Birth of Democracy (Isagoras was overthrown) (Cliesthenis came into power)

490 BC: Phedippedes runs to Sparta to inform them about the invasion of Athens. 

480 BC: King Darius is dead and Xerxes comes in and tries to invade Athens again. Athens uses the straight of Salamus to beat them.

461 – 429 BC: Pericles rises into power, and Themistocles is ostricised 
447 – 432 BC: Construction of the Parthenon
431 – 404 BC: goes to war with Sparta, Plaque comes, he dies. Sparta wins, Golden Age is over

399 BC: Socrates is killed by Hemlock.

336 BC: Alexander the Great comes into his empire.

MEN, WOMEN, GODS AND GODDESSES YOU SHOULD KNOW:  In one or two sentences, describe what is significant about the following people (or immortals):

Homer: Author of the Oddessy and Iliae. 

Odysseus: Character in Homer's poem, The Odyssey. He was the King of Ithaca in the poem. 

Zeus: He was the God of Sky and Thunder in Greek mythology. He is the ruler of the Gods and Mount Olympus.

Athena: Goddess of wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, just warfare, mathematics, strength, strategy, the arts, crafts, and skill in Greek Mythology.

Draco: He was the first legislator of Athens in Ancient Greece. He developed a legal code to determine the fate of the accused. He was a very harsh person. 

Solon: An Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet. He is best known for his contributions towards Athenian government.

Pisistratus: Came into Athens with supposedly Athena. He soon became the Tyrant of Athens and did a great job ruling the city-state.

Cleisthenes: He is credited with creating the constitution of Athens and making Athens a democratic city-state.

Darius (the Great): One of the Kings of the Persian Empire. He was in reign when he invaded the Greek Empire.

Xerxes: A Persian King of the Persian Empire. He was soon killed by his brother Sogdianus. 

Pheidippides: The Greek messenger who inspired the Marathon event.

Themistocles: An Athenian General and politician. He was one of the first non-aristocratic politicians to exist in Athens. He was the one who built the Triremes. 

Pericles: An influential Greek statesman, orator, and general of Athens during the Golden Ages.

Aristophanes: A comic playwright of Ancient Athens. He has written over 40 plays.

Socrates: A classical Greek Athenian philosopher. He is also the inventor of the Socratic Method.

Plato: A Philosopher of Classical Greece. He is the student of Socrates and is a skilled Mathematician.

Aristotle: A Greek philosopher and was the student of Plato and the teacher of Alexamder the Great.

Alexander the Great: An Ancient King of Macedon, and the creator of one of the largest Empires of the Ancient World.

LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION:  Be able to locate the following on a map:

Athens                         Sparta                                      Peloponnesus                          Ionia

Ionian Sea                               Aegean Sea                             Persian Empire

GREEK POLITICAL STRUCTURES: Describe these political institutions:

Monarchy                    Democracy                  Oligarchy                    Aristocracy

PERICLES’ THREE GOALS FOR ATHENS: Name ‘em; describe ‘em.

GREEK ART: Identify and describe examples in these fields:

Sculpture                     Architecture                            Drama (tragedy and comedy)                

(more to come)